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Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa (;〔("Arafat" ). ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.〕 (アラビア語:محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات); 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat ((アラビア語:ياسر عرفات) , ') or by his kunya Abu Ammar ((アラビア語:أبو عمار) , '), was a Palestinian leader. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA),〔Some sources use the term ''Chairman'', rather than ''President''; the Arabic word for both titles is the same. See President of the Palestinian National Authority for further information.〕 and leader of the Fatah political party and former paramilitary group, which he founded in 1959.〔 Aburish says the date of Fatah's founding is unclear but claims in 1959 it was exposed by its magazine. Zeev Schiff, Raphael Rothstein (1972). ''Fedayeen; Guerillas Against Israel''. McKay, p.58; Schiff and Rothstein claim Fatah was founded in 1959. Salah Khalaf and Khalil al-Wazir state Fatah's first formal meeting was in October 1959. See Anat N. Kurz (2005) ''Fatah and the Politics of Violence: The Institutionalization of a Popular Struggle''. Brighton, Portland: Sussex Academic Press (Jaffee Centre for Strategic Studies), pp. 29–30〕 Originally opposed to Israel's existence, he modified his position in 1988 when he accepted UN Security Council Resolution 242. Arafat and his movement operated from several Arab countries. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Fatah faced off with Jordan in a brief civil war. Forced out of Jordan and into Lebanon, Arafat and Fatah were major targets of Israel's 1978 and 1982 invasions of that country. Later in his career, Arafat engaged in a series of negotiations with the government of Israel to end the decades-long conflict between it and the PLO. These included the Madrid Conference of 1991, the 1993 Oslo Accords and the 2000 Camp David Summit. His political rivals, including Islamists and several PLO leftists, often denounced him for being corrupt or too submissive in his concessions to the Israeli government. In 1994 Arafat received the Nobel Peace Prize, together with Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres, for the negotiations at Oslo. During this time, Hamas and other militant organizations rose to power and shook the foundations of the authority that Fatah under Arafat had established in the Palestinian territories. In late 2004, after effectively being confined within his Ramallah compound for over two years by the Israeli army, Arafat became ill, fell into a coma and died on 11 November 2004 at the age of 75. While the cause of Arafat's death has remained the subject of speculation, investigations by Russian and French teams determined no foul play was involved. Arafat remains a highly controversial figure whose legacy has been widely disputed. The majority of the Palestinian people—regardless of political ideology or faction—viewed him as a heroic freedom fighter and martyr who symbolized the national aspirations of his people, while many Israelis have described him as an unrepentant terrorist. Critics have accused Arafat of mass corruption, secretly amassing a personal wealth estimated to be US$1.3 billion by 2002 despite the degrading economic conditions of the Palestinians. ==Early life== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yasser Arafat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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